Background Pathogenic extrafollicular double negative 2 (DN2) B cells in SLE have a phenotype of IgD − CD27 − Tbet + CD11c +, and are the precursor of ribonuclear protein (RNP) autoantibody producing ...

Introduction Double-stranded-DNA antibodies (antiDNAds) are the most frequently detected serological markers in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). In clinical practice, it is usually ...

Background/Purpose The long-term morbidity and mortality of childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) after transition to adult care is not well documented. The present study aims to fill this knowledge gap by ...