Hezbollah appears on the backfoot, rattled, and forced to contend with a new reality after unprecedented attacks in Lebanon.

The Hezbollah leader, Hassan Nasrallah, did not say how his group would respond to attacks on hand-held devices, which killed dozens when pagers and walkie-talkies exploded.

Israeli warplanes shattered the calm over Beirut on Thursday as Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah delivered a fiery televised speech from an undisclosed location. Nasrallah accused Israel of crossing a "red line" following the remote detonation of rigged communication devices that killed 37 and injured over 3,

But his keenly-awaited address was disrupted by the sound of sonic booms from low-flying Israeli jets ringing across the Lebanese capital. Minutes before he began, the IDF confirmed it had also struck a series of Hezbollah targets in southern Lebanon.

Hassan Nasrallah refused to say when or how Hezbollah would take revenge. As he spoke, Israeli fighter jets swooped low over Beirut.