By distilling bituminous coal in retorts to obtain gas for illumination, or by burning it in kilns or pits, the residue left behind is called coke, which is simply coal charcoal, and is nearly ...

A study shows that low-temperature oxidation impacts lignite's microstructure, increasing spontaneous ignition risk by ...

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Whereas tar is derived from coal, bitumen occurs naturally in small quantities in nature, while the vast majority of bitumen used worldwide is produced during the oil-refining process. "Bitumen is a ...