The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was experimentally observed for the first time by a team led by Nagoya University in Japan. As the ...

You probably learned in high school chemistry class that core electrons don't participate in chemical bonding.

In an Auger process, the energy released when an electron from a higher energy level falls into a deeper level results in the emission of an energetic electron whose energy is characteristic of the ...

For decades, physicists have talked about quantum distance, a way of measuring how similar or different two quantum states are. In this strange scale, a distance of one means two quantum states are ...

Researchers from the Freunberger group at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) have unveiled pivotal ...

The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 of the periodic table. They are the most stable due to having the maximum number of valence electrons their outer shell can hold. Therefore, they ...

Scientists directly observed dark excitons in atomically thin materials, revealing how they evolve and paving the way for ...

Scientists at OIST have, for the first time, directly tracked the elusive “dark excitons” inside atomically thin materials.

Electrons in one particular solid phase of plutonium are complex characters: while bound to atoms, in a quantum-mechanical mixture of two different valence states, they also roam freely throughout the ...