"Traditional understanding of the periodic table suggests that berkelium would behave like the lanthanide terbium," Minasian says. Yet, unlike the lanthanide analogues, the berkelium ion is happier in ...

Electronegativity, an essential characteristic of all elements in the periodic table, measures an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself within a chemical bond. This vital theoretical ...

Students look more deeply into the structure of the atom and play a game to better understand the relationship between protons, neutrons, electrons, and energy levels in atoms and their location in ...

A small piece of sodium metal is placed in a flask of chlorine gas. A little water helps expose the sodium so it can react with the chlorine gas. The reaction releases a lot of heat as the ionic ...