Two surface proteins, HA and NA, determine the antigenic properties of influenza virus strains. In 1958, a new strain of influenza A with different HA and NA was identified and antigenic shift was ...

Subsequent work has described different versions of the virus surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Different combinations of these give rise to the influenza A virus ...

Two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), and the M2 ion-channel protein are embedded in the viral envelope, which is derived from the host's plasma membrane.

Aa Aa Aa Although most healthy adults who contract the flu experience relatively minor symptoms, influenza and other respiratory viruses are a serious health threat to the U.S. population at large.

Mar. 3, 2025 — As highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza continues to spread in the U.S., posing serious threats to dairy and poultry farms, both farmers and public health experts need better ...

A cold begins when a virus attaches to the lining of your nose ... Bird flu, or avian influenza, is a viral infection spread from bird to bird. The most common kind is the H5N1 strain.

As the H5N1 avian influenza outbreak continues, scientists are working to better understand the virus's threat to human ...

Two surface proteins, HA and NA, determine the antigenic properties of influenza virus strains. In 1958, a new strain of influenza A with different HA and NA was identified and antigenic shift was ...