Two surface proteins, HA and NA, determine the antigenic properties of influenza virus strains. In 1958, a new strain of influenza A with different HA and NA was identified and antigenic shift was ...

Our current influenza vaccines are strain-specific ... To a lesser extent, the virus can also use another protein called neuraminidase (NA). Then, once it attaches itself, the virus starts to ...

To maintain vaccine efficacy, WHO regularly updates influenza vaccine strains based on global epidemiological, virological, ...

Two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), and the M2 ion-channel protein are embedded in the viral envelope, which is derived from the host's plasma membrane.

Unlike typical influenza viruses ... For example, the hypothetical active site pocket of the A/bat/Colombia/23 NA protein appears to be narrower than that of the Peru H18N11 protein, which ...

One such mutation could be for the NA protein that is the target for oseltamivir, he said. “This could happen, for example, because of two influenza variants exchanging genetic material with ...

Designed to support the development of vaccines for the 2025-2026 northern hemisphere influenza season, the new offerings include high-quality recombinant HA, NA, and NP proteins. These reagents are ...

New computational modeling of avian influenza variants’ immunoprotein interactions – developed by a research team at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte – reveals the H5N1 influenza virus is ...

Catani and colleagues provide data on antigenic properties of neuraminidase proteins of pandemic H1N1 and show that antigenic diversity of the neuraminidase from 2009 to 2020 largely falls into two ...

Subsequent work has described different versions of the virus surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Different combinations of these give rise to the influenza A virus ...