A variety of displays performed by social animals in agonistic encounters are termed "appeasement behaviours", although experimental proof of the appeasing effect is rare. In pigeons, nodding occurs ...

Biochemical analysis is necessary for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases in birds; however, the small volume of blood that can be safely obtained from small avian species often limits laboratory ...

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Pigeons, rats and other subjects of conditioning experiments in the behaviourism tradition of ethology have been somewhat neglected in terms of animal welfare. They have typically been housed in small ...