From 1619 on, not long after the first settlement, the need for colonial labor was bolstered by the importation of African captives. At first, like their poor English counterparts, the Africans ...

Around 1750, the British mainland American colonies had a population of approximately ... Each year 3,500 black captives arrived from Africa or the Caribbean. Nearly 1 in 5 Americans, or 300,000 ...

People in Africa were burdened by colonial perceptions of who they were. The British believed Africans were essentially different from Europeans and would stay that way. This point of view invited ...

Unlike Portugal which was determined to hang on to its colonies, Britain had by the end of the war reckoned that running the Empire was more trouble than it was worth. At the same time African ...