Overturning the District Court's earlier decision, The Hague appeal court ruled it was unable to determine that a "social standard of care" obligation for Shell to cut its emissions existed -- even though it owed it to Dutch citizens -- throwing out the ...

The decision is a reversal of the 2021 verdict that had ordered Shell to slash its absolute carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 relative to 2019 levels.

The energy company appealed after it had been ordered to cut its carbon emissions by net 45% by 2030 compared to 2019 levels.